About Toroidal Mirrors
Toroidal mirrors are constructed by revolving a spherical curve along an axis. It can be symmetry or asymmetry. The revolving curve is circle with radius R. The center distance from the curve to the revolving axis is r. When those two numbers are same, it is sphere. However, when those two numbers are not same, it is a Toroid.
Toroid is a geometry commonly used in x-ray optical system. For the point source, the incoming beam angle stays at constant angle for all points on the mirror. In x-ray optics, the reflection is governed using Bragg’s law. This constant angle requirement makes Toroidal Mirror so special in x-ray optical systems. Toroid mirror is also used often in laser for beam shaping.
Toroid is a geometry commonly used in x-ray optical system. For the point source, the incoming beam angle stays at constant angle for all points on the mirror. In x-ray optics, the reflection is governed using Bragg’s law. This constant angle requirement makes Toroidal Mirror so special in x-ray optical systems. Toroid mirror is also used often in laser for beam shaping.
In Today’s fabrication method, there are mainly two types of Torodial Mirrors, diamond turned and free form polished glass. The diamond turned mirror can only be made out of copper, aluminum, Nickel, Ge, and occasionally Si. Due to its material limitation, diamond turned toroids are limited mostly for laser beam shaping. Glass or other polish-able materials can be grounded and polished into a precision Toroidal mirror. This method can produce high precision Toroial mirror at various size but contain a very high manufacturing cost.
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